IntroductionEurope's pipeline network is a critical part of its energy infrastructure, transporting crude oil, natural gas, refined petroleum products, hydrogen, and industrial chemicals across countries and regions. From cross-border transmission pipelines to refinery distribution systems and LNG terminals, pipeline operators depend on reliable se

IntroductionEuropean refineries operate in some of the world's most highly regulated industrial environments, where safety, reliability, and environmental compliance are top priorities. Countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, France, Belgium, Spain, and the United Kingdom have advanced refinery facilities that process crude oil into fuel